Williams MA. Razumovsky AY. Hanley DF. Evaluation of shunt function in patients who are never better, or better than worse after shunt surgery for NPH. Acta Neurochirurgica - Supplementum. 71:368-70, 1998.

Pisani R. Mazzone P. Cocito L. Continuous lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure monitoring in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: predictive value in the selection for shunt surgery [letter]. Clinical Neurology & Neurosurgery. 100(2):160-2, 1998 Jun.

**Boon AJ. Tans JT. Delwel EJ. Egeler-Peerdeman SM. Hanlo PW. Wurzer HA. Avezaat CJ. de Jong DA. Gooskens RH. Hermans J. Dutch Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus Study: randomized comparison of low- and medium-pressure shunts. Journal of Neurosurgery. 88(3):490-5, 1998 Mar.

**Krauss JK. Regel JP. The predictive value of ventricular CSF removal in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurological Research. 19(4):357-60, 1997 Aug.

Caruso R. Cervoni L. Vitale AM. Salvati M. Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus in adults: result of shunting correlated with clinical findings in 18 patients and review of the literature. [Review] [30 refs] Neurosurgical Review. 20(2):104-7, 1997.

Krauss JK. Regel JP. Vach W. Jungling FD. Droste DW. Wakhloo AK. Flow void of cerebrospinal fluid in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus of the elderly: can it predict outcome after shunting?. Neurosurgery. 40(1):67-73; discussion 73-4, 1997 Jan.

Krauss JK. Droste DW. Vach W. Regel JP. Orszagh M. Borremans JJ. Tietz A. Seeger W. Cerebrospinal fluid shunting in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus of the elderly: effect of periventricular and deep white matter lesions. Neurosurgery. 39(2):292-9; discussion 299-300, 1996 Aug.

Bradley WG Jr. Scalzo D. Queralt J. Nitz WN. Atkinson DJ. Wong P. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus: evaluation with cerebrospinal fluid flow measurements at MR imaging. Radiology. 198(2):523-9, 1996 Feb.

Weiner HL. Constantini S. Cohen H. Wisoff JH. Current treatment of normal-pressure hydrocephalus: comparison of flow-regulated and differential-pressure shunt valves. Neurosurgery. 37(5):877-84, 1995 Nov.

**Chen IH. Huang CI. Liu HC. Chen KK. Effectiveness of shunting in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus predicted by temporary, controlled-resistance, continuous lumbar drainage: a pilot study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 57(11):1430-2, 1994 Nov.

**Sand T. Bovim G. Grimse R. Myhr G. Helde G. Cappelen J. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: the CSF tap-test may predict the clinical response to shunting. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 89(5):311-6, 1994 May.

Vanneste J. Augustijn P. Tan WF. Dirven C. Shunting normal pressure hydrocephalus: the predictive value of combined clinical and CT data. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 56(3):251-6, 1993 Mar.

**Vanneste J. Augustijn P. Dirven C. Tan WF. Goedhart ZD. Shunting normal-pressure hydrocephalus: do the benefits outweigh the risks? A multicenter study and literature review. [Review] [46 refs] Neurology. 42(1):54-9, 1992 Jan.

Larsson A. Wikkelso C. Bilting M. Stephensen H. Clinical parameters in 74 consecutive patients shunt operated for normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 84(6):475-82, 1991 Dec.

**Haan J. Thomeer RT. Predictive value of temporary external lumbar drainage in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 22(2):388-91, 1988 Feb.

Black PM. Ojemann RG. Tzouras A. CSF shunts for dementia, incontinence, and gait disturbance. [Review] [117 refs] Clinical Neurosurgery. 32:632-51, 1985.

Black PM. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus: current understanding of diagnostic tests and shunting. Postgraduate Medicine. 71(2):57-61, 65-7, 1982 Feb.

Key to Reference Lists:

** = Important article

[Review] = Review article

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Maintained by: Andrew Beaumont MD

Department of Neurosurgery
Updated August 2003, Rev 4.0