Yoshihara M. Tsunoda A. Sato K. Kanayama S. Calderon A. Differential diagnosis of NPH and brain atrophy assessed by measurement of intracranial and ventricular CSF volume with 3D FASE MRI. Acta Neurochirurgica - Supplementum. 71:371-4, 1998.

**Williams MA. Razumovsky AY. Hanley DF. Comparison of Pcsf monitoring and controlled CSF drainage diagnose normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochirurgica - Supplementum. 71:328-30, 1998.

Holodny AI. Waxman R. George AE. Rusinek H. Kalnin AJ. de Leon M. MR differential diagnosis of normal-pressure hydrocephalus and Alzheimer disease: significance of perihippocampal features. Ajnr: American Journal of Neuroradiology. 19(5):813-9, 1998 May.

**Hakim R. Black PM. Correlation between lumbo-ventricular perfusion and MRI-CSF flow studies in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Surgical Neurology. 49(1):14-9; discussion 19-20, 1998 Jan.

Damasceno BP. Carelli EF. Honorato DC. Facure JJ. The predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid tap-test in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. 55(2):179-85, 1997 Jun.

George AE. Holodny A. Golomb J. de Leon MJ. The differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Cerebral atrophy versus normal pressure hydrocephalus. [Review] [81 refs] Neuroimaging Clinics of North America. 5(1):19-31, 1995 Feb.

Krauss JK. Droste DW. Predictability of intracranial pressure oscillations in patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Neurological Research. 16(5):398-402, 1994 Oct.

Larsson A. Bergh AC. Bilting M. Arlig A. Jacobsson L. Stephensen H. Wikkelso C. Regional cerebral blood flow in normal pressure hydrocephalus: diagnostic and prognostic aspects. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 21(2):118-23, 1994 Feb.

Dippel DW. Habbema JD. Probabilistic diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus and other treatable cerebral lesions in dementia. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 119(2):123-33, 1993 Nov.

Borgesen SE. Albeck MJ. Gjerris F. Czosnyka M. Laniewski P. Computerized infusion test compared to steady pressure constant infusion test in measurement of resistance to CSF outflow. Acta Neurochirurgica. 119(1-4):12-6, 1992.

Roman GC. White matter lesions and normal-pressure hydrocephalus: Binswanger disease or Hakim syndrome? [comment]. Ajnr: American Journal of Neuroradiology. 12(1):40-1, 1991 Jan-Feb.

Kunz U. Heintz P. Ehrenheim C. Stolke D. Dietz H. Hundeshagen H. MRI as the primary diagnostic instrument in normal pressure hydrocephalus?. Psychiatry Research. 29(3):287-8, 1989 Sep.

Huckman MS. Normal pressure hydrocephalus: evaluation of diagnostic and prognostic tests. [Review] [96 refs] Ajnr: American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2(5):385-95, 1981 Sep-Oct.

Key to Reference Lists:

** = Important article

[Review] = Review article

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Maintained by: Andrew Beaumont MD

Department of Neurosurgery
Updated August 2003, Rev 4.0